amt630hv160-sdk-release/amt630hv160-freertos-beta/FreeRTOS-Plus/FreeRTOS-FAT/ff_ioman.c

/*
 * FreeRTOS+FAT V2.3.3
 * Copyright (C) 2021 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
 * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
 *
 */

/**
 *	@file		ff_ioman.c
 *	@ingroup	IOMAN
 *
 *	@defgroup	IOMAN	I/O Manager
 *	@brief		Handles IO buffers for FreeRTOS+FAT safely.
 *
 *	Provides a simple static interface to the rest of FreeRTOS+FAT to manage
 *	buffers. It also defines the public interfaces for Creating and
 *	Destroying a FreeRTOS+FAT IO object.
 **/

#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "ff_headers.h"

#define FAT16_SECTOR_COUNT_4085             4085
#define FAT32_SECTOR_COUNT_65525            65525 /* 65536 clusters */

/* Some values and offsets describing the special sector FS INFO: */
#define  FS_INFO_SIGNATURE1_0x41615252      0x41615252UL
#define  FS_INFO_SIGNATURE2_0x61417272      0x61417272UL
#define  FS_INFO_OFFSET_SIGNATURE1_000      0
#define  FS_INFO_OFFSET_SIGNATURE2_484      484
#define  FS_INFO_OFFSET_FREE_COUNT_488      488
#define  FS_INFO_OFFSET_FREE_CLUSTER_492    492

/* Inspect the PBR (Partition Boot Record) to determine the type of FAT */
static FF_Error_t prvDetermineFatType( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager );

/* Check if a given ID introduces an extended partition. */
static BaseType_t prvIsExtendedPartition( uint8_t ucPartitionID );

/* Return pdTRUE if the media byte in an MBR is valid. */
static BaseType_t prvIsValidMedia( uint8_t media );

/* Read the MBR to see what extended partitions have been defined.
 * Definitions of extended partitions may be chained.
 * Walk down the chain to find all extended partitions. */
static FF_Error_t FF_ParseExtended( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                                    uint32_t ulFirstSector,
                                    uint32_t ulFirstSize,
                                    FF_SPartFound_t * pPartsFound );

static FF_Error_t FF_GetEfiPartitionEntry( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                                           uint32_t ulPartitionNumber );

static BaseType_t prvHasActiveHandles( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager );


/**
 *	@public
 *	@brief	Creates an FF_IOManager_t object, to initialise FreeRTOS+FAT
 *
 *	@param	pucCacheMem			Pointer to a buffer for the cache. (NULL if ok to Malloc).
 *	@param	ulCacheSize			The size of the provided buffer, or size of the cache to be created.
 *								(Must be at least 2 * ulSectorSize). Always a multiple of ulSectorSize.
 *	@param	usSectorSize		The block size of devices to be attached. If in doubt use 512.
 *	@param	pError				Pointer to a signed byte for error checking. Can be NULL if not required.
 *								To be checked when a NULL pointer is returned.
 *
 *	@Return	Returns a pointer to an FF_IOManager_t type object. NULL on xError, check the contents of
 *	@Return pError
 **/
FF_IOManager_t * FF_CreateIOManger( FF_CreationParameters_t * pxParameters,
                                    FF_Error_t * pError )
{
    FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager = NULL;
    FF_Error_t xError;
    uint32_t ulCacheSize = pxParameters->ulMemorySize;
    uint32_t usSectorSize = pxParameters->ulSectorSize;

    /* Normally:
     * ulSectorSize = 512
     * ulCacheSize = N x ulSectorSize. */
    if( ( ( usSectorSize % 512 ) != 0 ) || ( usSectorSize == 0 ) )
    {
        /* ulSectorSize Size not a multiple of 512 or it is zero*/
        xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_BAD_BLKSIZE | FF_CREATEIOMAN;
    }
    else if( ( ( ulCacheSize % ( uint32_t ) usSectorSize ) != 0 ) || ( ulCacheSize == 0 ) ||
             ( ulCacheSize == ( uint32_t ) usSectorSize ) )
    {
        /* The size of the caching memory (ulCacheSize) must now be atleast 2 * ulSectorSize (or a deadlock will occur). */
        xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_BAD_MEMSIZE | FF_CREATEIOMAN;
    }
    else
    {
        pxIOManager = ( FF_IOManager_t * ) ffconfigMALLOC( sizeof( FF_IOManager_t ) );

        /* Ensure malloc() succeeded. */
        if( pxIOManager != NULL )
        {
            /* Use memset() to clear every single bit. */
            memset( pxIOManager, '\0', sizeof( FF_IOManager_t ) );

            if( FF_CreateEvents( pxIOManager ) != pdFALSE )
            {
                xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
            }
            else
            {
                /* xEventGroupCreate() probably failed. */
                xError = FF_ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY | FF_CREATEIOMAN;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            /* ffconfigMALLOC() failed. */
            xError = FF_ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY | FF_CREATEIOMAN;
        }
    }

    if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
    {
        /* pxIOManager is created, FF_CreateEvents() succeeded. */
        if( pxParameters->pucCacheMemory != NULL )
        {
            /* The caller has provided a piece of memory, use it. */
            pxIOManager->pucCacheMem = pxParameters->pucCacheMemory;
        }
        else
        {
            /* No cache buffer provided, call malloc(). */
            pxIOManager->pucCacheMem = ( uint8_t * ) ffconfigMALLOC( ulCacheSize );

            if( pxIOManager->pucCacheMem != NULL )
            {
                /* Indicate that malloc() was used for pucCacheMem. */
                pxIOManager->ucFlags |= FF_IOMAN_ALLOC_BUFFERS;
            }
            else
            {
                xError = FF_ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY | FF_CREATEIOMAN;
            }
        }

        if( pxIOManager->pucCacheMem != NULL )
        {
            memset( pxIOManager->pucCacheMem, '\0', ulCacheSize );
        }
    }

    if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
    {
        pxIOManager->usSectorSize = usSectorSize;
        pxIOManager->usCacheSize = ( uint16_t ) ( ulCacheSize / ( uint32_t ) usSectorSize );

        /* Malloc() memory for buffer objects. FreeRTOS+FAT never refers to a
         * buffer directly but uses buffer objects instead. Allows for thread
         * safety. */
        pxIOManager->pxBuffers = ( FF_Buffer_t * ) ffconfigMALLOC( sizeof( FF_Buffer_t ) * pxIOManager->usCacheSize );

        if( pxIOManager->pxBuffers != NULL )
        {
            /* From now on a call to FF_IOMAN_InitBufferDescriptors will clear
             * pxBuffers. */
            pxIOManager->ucFlags |= FF_IOMAN_ALLOC_BUFDESCR;

            FF_IOMAN_InitBufferDescriptors( pxIOManager );

            /* Finally store the semaphore for Buffer Description modifications. */
            pxIOManager->pvSemaphore = pxParameters->pvSemaphore;

            if( pxParameters->xBlockDeviceIsReentrant != pdFALSE )
            {
                pxIOManager->ucFlags |= FF_IOMAN_BLOCK_DEVICE_IS_REENTRANT;
            }

            pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.fnpReadBlocks = pxParameters->fnReadBlocks;
            pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.fnpWriteBlocks = pxParameters->fnWriteBlocks;
            pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk = pxParameters->pxDisk;
        }
        else
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY | FF_CREATEIOMAN;
        }
    }

    if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
    {
        if( pxIOManager != NULL )
        {
            FF_DeleteIOManager( pxIOManager );
            pxIOManager = NULL;
        }
    }

    if( pError != NULL )
    {
        *pError = xError;
    }

    return pxIOManager;
} /* FF_CreateIOManger() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@public
 *	@brief	Destroys an FF_IOManager_t object, and frees all assigned memory.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager	Pointer to an FF_IOManager_t object, as returned from FF_CreateIOManger.
 *
 *	@Return	FF_ERR_NONE on sucess, or a documented error code on failure. (FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER)
 *
 **/
FF_Error_t FF_DeleteIOManager( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
{
    FF_Error_t xError;

    /* Ensure no NULL pointer was provided. */
    if( pxIOManager == NULL )
    {
        xError = FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER | FF_DESTROYIOMAN;
    }
    else
    {
        xError = FF_ERR_NONE;

        /* Ensure pxBuffers pointer was allocated. */
        if( ( pxIOManager->ucFlags & FF_IOMAN_ALLOC_BUFDESCR ) != 0 )
        {
            ffconfigFREE( pxIOManager->pxBuffers );
        }

        /* Ensure pucCacheMem pointer was allocated. */
        if( ( pxIOManager->ucFlags & FF_IOMAN_ALLOC_BUFFERS ) != 0 )
        {
            ffconfigFREE( pxIOManager->pucCacheMem );
        }

        /* Delete the event group object within the IO manager before deleting
         * the manager. */
        FF_DeleteEvents( pxIOManager );

        /* Finally free the FF_IOManager_t object. */
        ffconfigFREE( pxIOManager );
    }

    return xError;
} /* FF_DeleteIOManager() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@private
 *	@brief	Initialises Buffer Descriptions as part of the FF_IOManager_t object initialisation.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager		IOMAN Object.
 *
 **/
void FF_IOMAN_InitBufferDescriptors( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
{
    uint8_t * pucBuffer = pxIOManager->pucCacheMem;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer = pxIOManager->pxBuffers;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxLastBuffer = pxBuffer + pxIOManager->usCacheSize;

    /* Clear the contents of the buffer descriptors. */
    memset( ( void * ) pxBuffer, '\0', sizeof( FF_Buffer_t ) * pxIOManager->usCacheSize );

    while( pxBuffer < pxLastBuffer )
    {
        pxBuffer->pucBuffer = pucBuffer;
        pxBuffer++;
        pucBuffer += pxIOManager->usSectorSize;
    }
} /* FF_IOMAN_InitBufferDescriptors() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@private
 *	@brief		Flushes all Write cache buffers with no active Handles.
 *
 *	@param		pxIOManager	IOMAN Object.
 *
 *	@Return		FF_ERR_NONE on Success.
 **/
FF_Error_t FF_FlushCache( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
{
    BaseType_t xIndex, xIndex2;
    FF_Error_t xError;

    if( pxIOManager == NULL )
    {
        xError = FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER | FF_FLUSHCACHE;
    }
    else
    {
        xError = FF_ERR_NONE;

        FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
        {
            for( xIndex = 0; xIndex < pxIOManager->usCacheSize; xIndex++ )
            {
                /* If a buffers has no users and if it has been modified... */
                if( ( pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].usNumHandles == 0 ) && ( pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].bModified == pdTRUE ) )
                {
                    /* The buffer may be flushed to disk. */
                    FF_BlockWrite( pxIOManager, pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].ulSector, 1, pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].pucBuffer, pdTRUE );

                    /* Buffer has now been flushed, mark it as a read buffer and unmodified. */
                    pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].ucMode = FF_MODE_READ;
                    pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].bModified = pdFALSE;

                    /* Search for other buffers that used this sector, and mark them as modified
                     * So that further requests will result in the new sector being fetched. */
                    for( xIndex2 = 0; xIndex2 < pxIOManager->usCacheSize; xIndex2++ )
                    {
                        if( ( xIndex != xIndex2 ) &&
                            ( pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex2 ].ulSector == pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex ].ulSector ) &&
                            ( pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex2 ].ucMode == FF_MODE_READ ) )
                        {
                            pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ xIndex2 ].bModified = pdTRUE;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if( ( pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk != NULL ) &&
            ( pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk->fnFlushApplicationHook != NULL ) )
        {
            /* Let the low-level driver also flush data.
             * See comments in ff_ioman.h. */
            pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk->fnFlushApplicationHook( pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk );
        }

        FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
    }

    return xError;
} /* FF_FlushCache() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 *  A new version of FF_GetBuffer() with a simple mechanism for timeout
 */
#define FF_GETBUFFER_SLEEP_TIME_MS    10
#define FF_GETBUFFER_WAIT_TIME_MS     ( 20000 / FF_GETBUFFER_SLEEP_TIME_MS )

FF_Buffer_t * FF_GetBuffer( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                            uint32_t ulSector,
                            uint8_t ucMode )
{
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
/* Least Recently Used Buffer */
    FF_Buffer_t * pxRLUBuffer;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxMatchingBuffer = NULL;
    int32_t lRetVal;
    BaseType_t xLoopCount = FF_GETBUFFER_WAIT_TIME_MS;
    const FF_Buffer_t * pxLastBuffer = &( pxIOManager->pxBuffers[ pxIOManager->usCacheSize ] );

    /* 'pxIOManager->usCacheSize' is bigger than zero and it is a multiple of ulSectorSize. */

    while( pxMatchingBuffer == NULL )
    {
        xLoopCount--;

        if( xLoopCount == 0 )
        {
            break;
        }

        FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );

        for( pxBuffer = pxIOManager->pxBuffers; pxBuffer < pxLastBuffer; pxBuffer++ )
        {
            if( ( pxBuffer->ulSector == ulSector ) && ( pxBuffer->bValid ) )
            {
                pxMatchingBuffer = pxBuffer;
                /* Don't look further if you found a perfect match. */
                break;
            }
        }

        if( pxMatchingBuffer != NULL )
        {
            /* A Match was found process! */
            if( ( ucMode == FF_MODE_READ ) && ( pxMatchingBuffer->ucMode == FF_MODE_READ ) )
            {
                pxMatchingBuffer->usNumHandles += 1;
                pxMatchingBuffer->usPersistance += 1;
                break;
            }

            if( pxMatchingBuffer->usNumHandles == 0 )
            {
                /* Copy the read & write flags. */
                pxMatchingBuffer->ucMode = ( ucMode & FF_MODE_RD_WR );

                if( ( ucMode & FF_MODE_WRITE ) != 0 )
                {
                    /* This buffer has no attached handles. */
                    pxMatchingBuffer->bModified = pdTRUE;
                }

                pxMatchingBuffer->usNumHandles = 1;
                pxMatchingBuffer->usPersistance += 1;
                break;
            }

            /* Sector is already in use in a different mode, keep yielding until its available! */
            pxMatchingBuffer = NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            /* There is no valid buffer now for the desired sector.
             * Find a free buffer and use it for that sector. */
            pxRLUBuffer = NULL;

            for( pxBuffer = pxIOManager->pxBuffers; pxBuffer < pxLastBuffer; pxBuffer++ )
            {
                if( pxBuffer->usNumHandles != 0 )
                {
                    continue; /* Occupied */
                }

                pxBuffer->ulLRU += 1;

                if( ( pxRLUBuffer == NULL ) ||
                    ( pxBuffer->ulLRU > pxRLUBuffer->ulLRU ) ||
                    ( ( pxBuffer->ulLRU == pxRLUBuffer->ulLRU ) && ( pxBuffer->usPersistance > pxRLUBuffer->usPersistance ) ) )
                {
                    pxRLUBuffer = pxBuffer;
                }
            }

            /* A free buffer with the highest value of 'ulLRU' was found: */
            if( pxRLUBuffer != NULL )
            {
                /* Process the suitable candidate. */
                if( pxRLUBuffer->bModified == pdTRUE )
                {
                    /* Along with the pdTRUE parameter to indicate semaphore has been claimed already. */
                    lRetVal = FF_BlockWrite( pxIOManager, pxRLUBuffer->ulSector, 1, pxRLUBuffer->pucBuffer, pdTRUE );

                    if( lRetVal < 0 )
                    {
                        /* NULL will be returned because 'pxMatchingBuffer' is still NULL. */
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if( ucMode == FF_MODE_WR_ONLY )
                {
                    memset( pxRLUBuffer->pucBuffer, '\0', pxIOManager->usSectorSize );
                }
                else
                {
                    lRetVal = FF_BlockRead( pxIOManager, ulSector, 1, pxRLUBuffer->pucBuffer, pdTRUE );

                    if( lRetVal < 0 )
                    {
                        /* 'pxMatchingBuffer' is NULL. */
                        break;
                    }
                }

                pxRLUBuffer->ucMode = ( ucMode & FF_MODE_RD_WR );
                pxRLUBuffer->usPersistance = 1;
                pxRLUBuffer->ulLRU = 0;
                pxRLUBuffer->usNumHandles = 1;
                pxRLUBuffer->ulSector = ulSector;

                pxRLUBuffer->bModified = ( ucMode & FF_MODE_WRITE ) != 0;

                pxRLUBuffer->bValid = pdTRUE;
                pxMatchingBuffer = pxRLUBuffer;
                break;
            } /* if( pxRLUBuffer != NULL ) */
        }     /* else ( pxMatchingBuffer == NULL ) */

        FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );

        /* Better to go asleep to give low-priority task a chance to release buffer(s). */
        FF_BufferWait( pxIOManager, FF_GETBUFFER_SLEEP_TIME_MS );
    } /* while( pxMatchingBuffer == NULL ) */

    if( xLoopCount > 0 )
    {
        /* If xLoopCount is 0 here, the semaphore was not taken. */
        FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
    }

    if( pxMatchingBuffer == NULL )
    {
        FF_PRINTF( "FF_GetBuffer[0x%X]: failed mode 0x%X\n", ( unsigned ) ulSector, ( unsigned ) ucMode );
    }

    return pxMatchingBuffer; /* Return the Matched Buffer! */
} /* FF_GetBuffer() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@private
 *	@brief	Releases a buffer resource.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager	Pointer to an FF_IOManager_t object.
 *	@param	pxBuffer	Pointer to an FF_Buffer_t object.
 *
 **/
FF_Error_t FF_ReleaseBuffer( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                             FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer )
{
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;

    /* Protect description changes with a semaphore. */
    FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
    {
        #if ( ffconfigCACHE_WRITE_THROUGH != 0 )
            if( pxBuffer->bModified == pdTRUE )
            {
                xError = FF_BlockWrite( pxIOManager, pxBuffer->ulSector, 1, pxBuffer->pucBuffer, pdTRUE );

                if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
                {
                    /* Ensure if an error occurs its still possible to write the block again. */
                    pxBuffer->bModified = pdFALSE;
                }
            }
        #endif /* if ( ffconfigCACHE_WRITE_THROUGH != 0 ) */
        configASSERT( pxBuffer->usNumHandles != 0 );

        if( pxBuffer->usNumHandles != 0 )
        {
            pxBuffer->usNumHandles--;
        }
        else
        {
            /*printf ("FF_ReleaseBuffer: buffer not claimed\n"); */
        }
    }

    FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );

    /* Notify tasks which may be waiting in FF_GetBuffer() */
    FF_BufferProceed( pxIOManager );

    return xError;
} /* FF_ReleaseBuffer() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* New Interface for FreeRTOS+FAT to read blocks. */
int32_t FF_BlockRead( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                      uint32_t ulSectorLBA,
                      uint32_t ulNumSectors,
                      void * pxBuffer,
                      BaseType_t xSemLocked )
{
    int32_t slRetVal = 0;

    if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors != 0ul )
    {
        /* At some point while formatting a partition, ulTotalSectors might be unknown.
         * In that case this test will be skipped. */
        if( ( ulSectorLBA + ulNumSectors ) > ( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors + pxIOManager->xPartition.ulBeginLBA ) )
        {
            slRetVal = FF_ERR_IOMAN_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_READ | FF_BLOCKREAD;
        }
    }

    if( ( slRetVal == 0ul ) && ( pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.fnpReadBlocks != NULL ) )
    {
        do
        {
            /* Make sure we don't execute a NULL. */
            if( ( xSemLocked == pdFALSE ) &&
                ( ( pxIOManager->ucFlags & FF_IOMAN_BLOCK_DEVICE_IS_REENTRANT ) == pdFALSE ) )
            {
                FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
            }

            slRetVal = pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.fnpReadBlocks( pxBuffer, ulSectorLBA, ulNumSectors, pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk );

            if( ( xSemLocked == pdFALSE ) &&
                ( ( pxIOManager->ucFlags & FF_IOMAN_BLOCK_DEVICE_IS_REENTRANT ) == pdFALSE ) )
            {
                FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
            }

            if( FF_GETERROR( slRetVal ) != FF_ERR_DRIVER_BUSY )
            {
                break;
            }

            FF_Sleep( ffconfigDRIVER_BUSY_SLEEP_MS );
        } while( pdTRUE );
    }

    return slRetVal;
} /* FF_BlockRead() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

int32_t FF_BlockWrite( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                       uint32_t ulSectorLBA,
                       uint32_t ulNumSectors,
                       void * pxBuffer,
                       BaseType_t xSemLocked )
{
    int32_t slRetVal = 0;

    if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors != 0 )
    {
        /* At some point while formatting a partition, ulTotalSectors might be unknown.
         * In that case this test will be skipped. */
        if( ( ulSectorLBA + ulNumSectors ) > ( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors + pxIOManager->xPartition.ulBeginLBA ) )
        {
            slRetVal = FF_ERR_IOMAN_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_WRITE | FF_BLOCKWRITE;
        }
    }

    if( ( slRetVal == 0ul ) && ( pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.fnpWriteBlocks != NULL ) )
    {
        do
        {   /* Make sure we don't execute a NULL. */
            if( ( xSemLocked == pdFALSE ) &&
                ( ( pxIOManager->ucFlags & FF_IOMAN_BLOCK_DEVICE_IS_REENTRANT ) == pdFALSE ) )
            {
                FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
            }

            slRetVal = pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.fnpWriteBlocks( pxBuffer, ulSectorLBA, ulNumSectors, pxIOManager->xBlkDevice.pxDisk );

            if( ( xSemLocked == pdFALSE ) &&
                ( ( pxIOManager->ucFlags & FF_IOMAN_BLOCK_DEVICE_IS_REENTRANT ) == pdFALSE ) )
            {
                FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
            }

            if( FF_GETERROR( slRetVal ) != FF_ERR_DRIVER_BUSY )
            {
                break;
            }

            FF_Sleep( ffconfigDRIVER_BUSY_SLEEP_MS );
        } while( pdTRUE );
    }

    return slRetVal;
} /* FF_BlockWrite() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 * This global variable is a kind of expert option:
 * It may be set to one of these values: FF_T_FAT[12,16,32]
 * just to force the driver to assume a certain FAT type.
 */
uint8_t ucAssumeFATType;

/* The history of FAT types:
 * The Microsoft documents says that the actual type: FAT-12, FAT-16 and FAT-32
 * of a partition can be found by looking at the total number of data clusters:
 *
 * if( clusters < 4085 )
 *     Assume FAT-12
 * else if( clusters < 65525 )
 *     Assume FAT-16
 * else
 *     Assume FAT-32
 *
 * In practice however, this does not always seem to be a correct assumption.
 *
 * The first 12 or 16 bits in the FAT table may also help to determine the
 * correct FAT-type:
 *
 *    FAT-12: ( firstWord & 0x3FF ) == 0x3F8 )
 *    FAT-16: ( firstWord == 0xFFF8 )
 */

static FF_Error_t prvDetermineFatType( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
{
    FF_Partition_t * pxPartition;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
    uint32_t ulFirstWord = 0ul;
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;

    pxPartition = &( pxIOManager->xPartition );

    if( ucAssumeFATType != 0 )
    {
        switch( ucAssumeFATType )
        {
            case FF_T_FAT12:
            case FF_T_FAT16:
            case FF_T_FAT32:
                pxPartition->ucType = ucAssumeFATType;
                break;

            default:
                /* An invalid value will be ignored, and the FAT type is determined dynamically. */
                ucAssumeFATType = 0;
                break;
        }

        xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
    }

    /* Test again, the value may have become zero now: */
    if( ucAssumeFATType == 0 )
    {
        pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFATBeginLBA, FF_MODE_READ );

        if( pxBuffer == NULL )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_DETERMINEFATTYPE;
        }
        else
        {
            ulFirstWord = ( uint32_t ) FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, 0x0000 );
            xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );
        }
    }

    if( ( ucAssumeFATType == 0 ) && ( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE ) )
    {
        #if ( ffconfigFAT12_SUPPORT != 0 )
            if( pxPartition->ulNumClusters < FAT16_SECTOR_COUNT_4085 )
            {
                /* FAT12 */
                pxPartition->ucType = FF_T_FAT12;
                #if ( ffconfigFAT_CHECK != 0 )
                    if( ( ulFirstWord & 0x3FF ) != 0x3F8 )
                    {
                        xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_NOT_FAT_FORMATTED | FF_DETERMINEFATTYPE;
                    }
                    else
                #endif /* ffconfigFAT_CHECK */
                {
                    xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else
        #endif /* ffconfigFAT12_SUPPORT */

        if( pxPartition->ulNumClusters < FAT32_SECTOR_COUNT_65525 )
        {
            /* FAT 16 */
            pxPartition->ucType = FF_T_FAT16;
            #if ( ffconfigFAT_CHECK != 0 )
                {
                    if( ulFirstWord == 0xFFF8 )
                    {
                        xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if( ( ulFirstWord & 0x3FF ) != 0x3F8 )
                        {
                            FF_PRINTF( "Part at %lu is probably a FAT12\n", pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFATBeginLBA );
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            FF_PRINTF( "Partition at %lu has strange FAT data %08lX\n",
                                       pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFATBeginLBA, ulFirstWord );
                        }

                        xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_DETERMINEFATTYPE;
                    }
                }
            #endif /* ffconfigFAT_CHECK */
        }
        else
        {
            /* FAT 32! */
            pxPartition->ucType = FF_T_FAT32;
            #if ( ffconfigFAT_CHECK != 0 )
                if( ( ( ulFirstWord & 0x0FFFFFF8 ) != 0x0FFFFFF8 ) &&
                    ( ( ulFirstWord & 0x0FFFFFF8 ) != 0x0FFFFFF0 ) )
                {
                    /* _HT_
                     * I had an SD-card which worked well in Linux/W32
                     * but FreeRTOS+FAT returned me this error
                     * So for me I left out this check (just issue a warning for now)
                     */
                    FF_PRINTF( "prvDetermineFatType: firstWord %08lX\n", ulFirstWord );
                    xError = FF_ERR_NONE; /* FF_ERR_IOMAN_NOT_FAT_FORMATTED; */
                }
            #endif /* ffconfigFAT_CHECK */
            xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
        }
    }

    return xError;
} /* prvDetermineFatType() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Check if ucPartitionID introduces an extended partition. */
static BaseType_t prvIsExtendedPartition( uint8_t ucPartitionID )
{
    BaseType_t xResult;

    if( ( ucPartitionID == FF_DOS_EXT_PART ) ||
        ( ucPartitionID == FF_WIN98_EXT_PART ) ||
        ( ucPartitionID == FF_LINUX_EXT_PART ) )
    {
        xResult = pdTRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        xResult = pdFALSE;
    }

    return xResult;
} /* prvIsExtendedPartition() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Check if the media byte in an MBR is valid */
static BaseType_t prvIsValidMedia( uint8_t media )
{
    BaseType_t xResult;

    /*
     * 0xF8 is the standard value for “fixed” (non-removable) media. For
     * removable media, 0xF0 is frequently used. The legal values for this
     * field are 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xF9, 0xFA, 0xFB, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0xFE, and
     * 0xFF. The only other important point is that whatever value is put
     * in here must also be put in the low byte of the FAT[0] entry. This
     * dates back to the old MS-DOS 1.x media determination noted
     * earlier and is no longer usually used for anything.
     */
    if( ( 0xf8 <= media ) || ( media == 0xf0 ) )
    {
        xResult = pdTRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        xResult = pdFALSE;
    }

    return xResult;
} /* prvIsValidMedia() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void FF_ReadParts( uint8_t * pucBuffer,
                   FF_Part_t * pxParts )
{
    BaseType_t xPartNr;
    UBaseType_t uxOffset = FF_FAT_PTBL;

    /* pxParts is expected to be declared as an array of 4 elements:
     *  FF_Part_t pxParts[4];
     *  FF_ReadParts( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, pxParts );
     */
    for( xPartNr = 0; xPartNr < 4; xPartNr++, uxOffset += 16, pxParts++ )
    {
        pxParts->ucActive = FF_getChar( pucBuffer, uxOffset + FF_FAT_PTBL_ACTIVE );
        pxParts->ucPartitionID = FF_getChar( pucBuffer, uxOffset + FF_FAT_PTBL_ID );
        pxParts->ulSectorCount = FF_getLong( pucBuffer, uxOffset + FF_FAT_PTBL_SECT_COUNT );
        pxParts->ulStartLBA = FF_getLong( pucBuffer, uxOffset + FF_FAT_PTBL_LBA );
    }
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*  This function will traverse through a chain of extended partitions. */

/* It is protected against rubbish data by a counter. */
static FF_Error_t FF_ParseExtended( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                                    uint32_t ulFirstSector,
                                    uint32_t ulFirstSize,
                                    FF_SPartFound_t * pPartsFound )
{
    uint32_t ulThisSector, ulThisSize;
    uint32_t ulSectorSize = pxIOManager->usSectorSize / 512;
    uint32_t prevTotalSectors = pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer = NULL;
    BaseType_t xTryCount = 100;
    BaseType_t xPartNr;
    BaseType_t xExtendedPartNr;
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
    FF_Part_t pxPartitions[ 4 ];

    ulThisSector = ulFirstSector;
    ulThisSize = ulFirstSize;

    /* Disable sector checking in FF_BlockRead, because the
     * exact disk (partition) parameters are not yet known.
     * Let user driver return an error is appropriate. */
    pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors = 0;

    while( xTryCount-- )
    {
        if( ( pxBuffer == NULL ) || ( pxBuffer->ulSector != ulThisSector ) )
        {
            /* Moving to a different sector. Release the
            * previous one and allocate a new buffer. */
            if( pxBuffer != NULL )
            {
                xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );
                pxBuffer = NULL;

                if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
                {
                    break;
                }
            }

            FF_PRINTF( "FF_ParseExtended: Read sector %u\n", ( unsigned ) ulThisSector );
            pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, ulThisSector, FF_MODE_READ );

            if( pxBuffer == NULL )
            {
                xError = FF_PARSEEXTENDED | FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED; /* | FUNCTION...; */
                break;
            }
        }

        {
            uint8_t a = FF_getChar( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_MBR_SIGNATURE + 0 );
            uint8_t b = FF_getChar( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_MBR_SIGNATURE + 1 );

            if( ( a != 0x55 ) || ( b != 0xAA ) )
            {
                FF_PRINTF( "FF_ParseExtended: No signature %02X,%02X\n", a, b );
                break;
            }
        }

        /* Check for data partition(s),
         * and remember if there is an extended partition */

        FF_ReadParts( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, pxPartitions );

        /* Assume there is no next ext partition. */
        xExtendedPartNr = -1;

        for( xPartNr = 0; xPartNr < 4; xPartNr++ )
        {
            uint32_t ulOffset, ulSize, ulNext;

            if( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulSectorCount == 0 )
            {
                /* Partition is empty */
                continue;
            }

            if( prvIsExtendedPartition( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucPartitionID ) )
            {
                if( xExtendedPartNr < 0 )
                {
                    xExtendedPartNr = xPartNr;
                }

                continue; /* We'll examine this ext partition later */
            }

            /* Some sanity checks */
            ulOffset = pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulStartLBA * ulSectorSize;
            ulSize = pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulSectorCount * ulSectorSize;
            ulNext = ulThisSector + ulOffset;

            if(
                /* Is it oversized? */
                ( ulOffset + ulSize > ulThisSize ) ||
                /* or going backward? */
                ( ulNext < ulFirstSector ) ||
                /* Or outsize the logical partition? */
                ( ulNext > ulFirstSector + ulFirstSize )
                )
            {
                FF_PRINTF( "Part %d looks insane: ulThisSector %u ulOffset %u ulNext %u\n",
                           ( int ) xPartNr, ( unsigned ) ulThisSector, ( unsigned ) ulOffset, ( unsigned ) ulNext );
                continue;
            }

            {
                /* Store this partition for the caller */
                FF_Part_t * p = &pPartsFound->pxPartitions[ pPartsFound->iCount++ ];

                /* Copy the whole structure */
                memcpy( p, pxPartitions + xPartNr, sizeof( *p ) );

                /* and make LBA absolute to sector-0. */
                p->ulStartLBA += ulThisSector;
                p->bIsExtended = pdTRUE;
            }

            if( pPartsFound->iCount >= ffconfigMAX_PARTITIONS )
            {
                break;
            }

            xTryCount = 100;
        } /* for( xPartNr = 0; xPartNr < 4; xPartNr++ ) */

        if( xExtendedPartNr < 0 )
        {
            FF_PRINTF( "No more extended partitions\n" );
            break; /* nothing left to do */
        }

        /* Examine the ulNext extended partition */
        ulThisSector = ulFirstSector + pxPartitions[ xExtendedPartNr ].ulStartLBA * ulSectorSize;
        ulThisSize = pxPartitions[ xExtendedPartNr ].ulSectorCount * ulSectorSize;
    }

    if( pxBuffer != NULL )
    {
        FF_Error_t xTempError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );

        if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
        {
            xError = xTempError;
        }
    }

    pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors = prevTotalSectors;

    return xError;
} /* FF_ParseExtended() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@public
 *	@brief	Searches a disk for all primary and extended/logical partitions
 *	@brief	Previously called FF_PartitionCount
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager		FF_IOManager_t object.
 *	@param	pPartsFound		Contains an array of ffconfigMAX_PARTITIONS partitions
 *
 *	@Return	>=0 Number of partitions found
 *	@Return	<0 error
 **/
FF_Error_t FF_PartitionSearch( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                               FF_SPartFound_t * pPartsFound )
{
    BaseType_t xPartNr;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
    uint8_t * ucDataBuffer;
    BaseType_t isPBR = pdFALSE;
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
    uint32_t prevTotalSectors = pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors;
    FF_Part_t pxPartitions[ 4 ];

    memset( pPartsFound, '\0', sizeof( *pPartsFound ) );

    do
    {
        pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, 0, FF_MODE_READ );

        if( pxBuffer == NULL )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_PARTITIONSEARCH;
            break;
        }

        /* Disable sector checking in FF_BlockRead
         * Let user driver return an error is appropriate. */
        pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors = 0;
        ucDataBuffer = pxBuffer->pucBuffer;

        /* Check MBR (Master Boot Record) or
         * PBR (Partition Boot Record) signature. */
        if( ( FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_MBR_SIGNATURE ) != 0x55 ) ||
            ( FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_MBR_SIGNATURE + 1 ) != 0xAA ) )
        {
            /* No MBR, but is it a PBR ?
             * Partition Boot Record */
            if( ( FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, 0 ) == 0xEB ) && /* PBR Byte 0 */
                ( FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, 2 ) == 0x90 ) )
            {
                /* PBR Byte 2
                 * No MBR but PBR exist then there is only one partition
                 * Handle this later. */
                isPBR = pdTRUE;
            }
            else
            {
                FF_PRINTF( "FF_PartitionSearch: [%02X,%02X] No signature (%02X %02X), no PBR neither\n",
                           FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, 0 ),
                           FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, 2 ),
                           FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_MBR_SIGNATURE ),
                           FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_MBR_SIGNATURE + 1 ) );

                /* No MBR and no PBR then no partition found. */
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_PARTITIONSEARCH;
                break;
            }
        }

        /* Copy the 4 partition records into 'pxPartitions': */
        FF_ReadParts( ucDataBuffer, pxPartitions );

        for( xPartNr = 0; ( xPartNr < 4 ) && ( isPBR == pdFALSE ); xPartNr++ )
        {
            /*		FF_PRINTF ("FF_Part[%d]: id %02X act %02X Start %6lu Len %6lu (sectors)\n", */
            /*			xPartNr, pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucPartitionID, */
            /*			pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucActive, */
            /*			pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulStartLBA, */
            /*			pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulSectorCount); */
            if( prvIsExtendedPartition( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucPartitionID ) != pdFALSE )
            {
                continue; /* Do this later */
            }

            /* The first sector must be a MBR, then check the partition entry in the MBR */
            if( ( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucActive != 0x80 ) &&
                ( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucActive != 0x00 ) )
            {
                if( ( xPartNr == 0 ) &&
                    ( FF_getShort( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_RESERVED_SECTORS ) != 0 ) &&
                    ( FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_NUMBER_OF_FATS ) != 0 ) )
                {
                    isPBR = pdTRUE;
                }
                else
                {
                    xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_PARTITIONSEARCH;
                    break;
                }
            }
            else if( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulSectorCount )
            {
                FF_Part_t * p = &pPartsFound->pxPartitions[ pPartsFound->iCount++ ];
                *p = pxPartitions[ xPartNr ];
                p->bIsExtended = 0;

                if( pPartsFound->iCount >= ffconfigMAX_PARTITIONS )
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if( FF_isERR( xError ) || ( pPartsFound->iCount >= ffconfigMAX_PARTITIONS ) )
        {
            break;
        }

        for( xPartNr = 0; xPartNr < 4; xPartNr++ )
        {
            if( prvIsExtendedPartition( pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ucPartitionID ) )
            {
                xError = FF_ParseExtended( pxIOManager, pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulStartLBA,
                                           pxPartitions[ xPartNr ].ulSectorCount, pPartsFound );

                if( ( FF_isERR( xError ) != pdFALSE ) || ( pPartsFound->iCount >= ffconfigMAX_PARTITIONS ) )
                {
                    goto done;
                }
            }
        }

        if( pPartsFound->iCount == 0 )
        {
            FF_PRINTF( "FF_Part: no partitions, try as PBR\n" );
            isPBR = pdTRUE;
        }

        if( isPBR )
        {
            uint8_t media = FF_getChar( ucDataBuffer, FF_FAT_MEDIA_TYPE );
            FF_Part_t * p;

            if( !prvIsValidMedia( media ) )
            {
                FF_PRINTF( "FF_Part: Looks like PBR but media %02X\n", media );
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_NO_MOUNTABLE_PARTITION | FF_PARTITIONSEARCH;
                goto done;
            }

            /* This looks like a PBR because it has a valid media type */
            p = pPartsFound->pxPartitions;
            p->ulStartLBA = 0; /* FF_FAT_PTBL_LBA */
            p->ulSectorCount = ( uint32_t ) FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_16_TOTAL_SECTORS );

            if( p->ulSectorCount == 0ul )
            {
                p->ulSectorCount = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_32_TOTAL_SECTORS );
            }

            p->ucActive = 0x80;      /* FF_FAT_PTBL_ACTIVE */
            p->ucPartitionID = 0x0B; /* FF_FAT_PTBL_ID MSDOS data partition */
            p->bIsExtended = 0;
            pPartsFound->iCount = 1;
        }
    } while( pdFALSE );

done:

    if( pxBuffer )
    {
        FF_Error_t xTempError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );

        if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
        {
            xError = xTempError;
        }
    }

    pxIOManager->xPartition.ulTotalSectors = prevTotalSectors;

    return FF_isERR( xError ) ? xError : pPartsFound->iCount;
} /* FF_PartitionSearch() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 *  Mount GPT Partition Tables
 */
#define FF_GPT_HEAD_ENTRY_SIZE           0x54
#define FF_GPT_HEAD_TOTAL_ENTRIES        0x50
#define FF_GPT_HEAD_PART_ENTRY_LBA       0x48
#define FF_GPT_ENTRY_FIRST_SECTOR_LBA    0x20
#define FF_GPT_HEAD_CRC                  0x10
#define FF_GPT_HEAD_LENGTH               0x0C

static FF_Error_t FF_GetEfiPartitionEntry( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                                           uint32_t ulPartitionNumber )
{
/* Continuing on from FF_Mount() pPartition->ulBeginLBA should be the sector of the GPT Header */
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
    FF_Partition_t * pxPartition = &( pxIOManager->xPartition );

    uint32_t ulBeginGPT;
    uint32_t ulEntrySector;
    uint32_t ulSectorOffset;
    uint32_t ulPartitionEntrySize;
    uint32_t ulGPTHeadCRC, ulGPTCrcCheck, ulGPTHeadLength;

    FF_Error_t xError;

    do
    {
        if( ulPartitionNumber >= 128 )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_PARTITION_NUM | FF_GETEFIPARTITIONENTRY;
            break;
        }

        pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, pxPartition->ulBeginLBA, FF_MODE_READ );

        if( pxBuffer == NULL )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_GETEFIPARTITIONENTRY;
            break;
        }

        /* Verify this is an EFI header with the text "EFI PART": */
        if( memcmp( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, "EFI PART", 8 ) != 0 )
        {
            /* Already returning an error, but this error would override the current one. */
            xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );

            if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
            {
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_GETEFIPARTITIONENTRY;
            }

            break;
        }

        ulBeginGPT = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_GPT_HEAD_PART_ENTRY_LBA );
        ulPartitionEntrySize = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_GPT_HEAD_ENTRY_SIZE );
        ulGPTHeadCRC = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_GPT_HEAD_CRC );
        ulGPTHeadLength = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_GPT_HEAD_LENGTH );

        /* Calculate Head CRC */
        /* Blank CRC field */
        FF_putLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_GPT_HEAD_CRC, 0x00000000 );

        /* Calculate CRC */
        ulGPTCrcCheck = FF_GetCRC32( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, ulGPTHeadLength );

        /* Restore The CRC field */
        FF_putLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_GPT_HEAD_CRC, ulGPTHeadCRC );

        xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );

        if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
        {
            break;
        }

        /* Check CRC */
        if( ulGPTHeadCRC != ulGPTCrcCheck )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_GPT_HEADER_CORRUPT | FF_GETEFIPARTITIONENTRY;
            break;
        }

        /* Calculate Sector Containing the Partition Entry we want to use. */
        ulEntrySector = ( ( ulPartitionNumber * ulPartitionEntrySize ) / pxIOManager->usSectorSize ) + ulBeginGPT;
        ulSectorOffset = ( ulPartitionNumber % ( pxIOManager->usSectorSize / ulPartitionEntrySize ) ) * ulPartitionEntrySize;

        pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, ulEntrySector, FF_MODE_READ );
        {
            if( pxBuffer == NULL )
            {
                xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_GETEFIPARTITIONENTRY;
                break;
            }

            pxPartition->ulBeginLBA = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, ulSectorOffset + FF_GPT_ENTRY_FIRST_SECTOR_LBA );
        }

        xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );

        if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
        {
            if( pxPartition->ulBeginLBA == 0ul )
            {
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_PARTITION_NUM | FF_GETEFIPARTITIONENTRY;
            }
        }
    }
    while( pdFALSE );

    return xError;
} /* FF_GetEfiPartitionEntry() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@public
 *	@brief	Mounts the Specified partition, the volume specified by the FF_IOManager_t object provided.
 *
 *	The device drivers must adhere to the specification provided by
 *	FF_WriteBlocks_t and FF_ReadBlocks_t.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager			FF_IOManager_t object.
 *	@param	PartitionNumber	The primary or logical partition number to be mounted,
 *                          ranging between 0 and ffconfigMAX_PARTITIONS-1 (normally 0)
 *                          Note that FF_PartitionSearch can be called in advance to
 *                          enumerate all available partitions
 *
 *	@Return	0 on success.
 *	@Return FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER if a pxIOManager object wasn't provided.
 *	@Return FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_PARTITION_NUM if the partition number is out of range.
 *	@Return FF_ERR_IOMAN_NO_MOUNTABLE_PARTITION if no partition was found.
 *	@Return FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT if the master boot record or partition boot block didn't provide sensible data.
 *	@Return FF_ERR_IOMAN_NOT_FAT_FORMATTED if the volume or partition couldn't be determined to be FAT. (@see FreeRTOSFATConfig.h)
 *
 **/
FF_Error_t FF_Mount( FF_Disk_t * pxDisk,
                     BaseType_t xPartitionNumber )
{
    FF_Partition_t * pxPartition;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer = 0;
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
    int16_t rootEntryCount;
    FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager = pxDisk->pxIOManager;

/* HT TODO: find a method to safely determine the FAT type: 32/16/12 */
/* other than only counting Clusters */
/*	UBaseType_t		fat32Indicator = 0; */
    FF_Part_t * pxMyPartition;

    #if ( ffconfigHASH_CACHE != 0 )
        BaseType_t i;
    #endif
    FF_Error_t xPartitionCount = 0;
    FF_SPartFound_t partsFound;
    partsFound.iCount = 0;

    do
    {
        if( pxIOManager == NULL )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER | FF_MOUNT;
            break;
        }

        pxPartition = &( pxIOManager->xPartition );

        #if ( ffconfigREMOVABLE_MEDIA != 0 )
            {
                pxIOManager->ucFlags &= ( uint8_t ) ( ~( FF_IOMAN_DEVICE_IS_EXTRACTED ) );
            }
        #endif /* ffconfigREMOVABLE_MEDIA */

        /* FF_IOMAN_InitBufferDescriptors will clear 'pxBuffers' */
        memset( pxIOManager->pucCacheMem, '\0', ( size_t ) pxIOManager->usSectorSize * pxIOManager->usCacheSize );

        #if ( ffconfigHASH_CACHE != 0 )
            {
                memset( pxIOManager->xHashCache, '\0', sizeof( pxIOManager->xHashCache ) );

                for( i = 0; i < ffconfigHASH_CACHE_DEPTH; i++ )
                {
                    /* _HT_ Check why did JW put it to 100? */
                    pxIOManager->xHashCache[ i ].ulMisses = 100;
                }
            }
        #endif
        #if ( ffconfigPATH_CACHE != 0 )
            {
                memset( pxPartition->pxPathCache, '\0', sizeof( pxPartition->pxPathCache ) );
            }
        #endif
        FF_IOMAN_InitBufferDescriptors( pxIOManager );
        pxIOManager->FirstFile = 0;

        xPartitionCount = FF_PartitionSearch( pxIOManager, &partsFound );

        if( FF_isERR( xPartitionCount ) )
        {
            xError = xPartitionCount;
            break;
        }

        if( xPartitionCount == 0 )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_NO_MOUNTABLE_PARTITION | FF_MOUNT;
            break;
        }

        if( xPartitionNumber >= xPartitionCount )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_PARTITION_NUM | FF_MOUNT;
            break;
        }

        pxMyPartition = &( partsFound.pxPartitions[ xPartitionNumber ] );

        pxPartition->ulBeginLBA = pxMyPartition->ulStartLBA;

        if( pxMyPartition->ucPartitionID == 0xEE )
        {
            xError = FF_GetEfiPartitionEntry( pxIOManager, xPartitionNumber );

            if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        /* Now we get the Partition sector. */
        pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, pxPartition->ulBeginLBA, FF_MODE_READ );

        if( pxBuffer == NULL )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_MOUNT;
            break;
        }

        pxPartition->usBlkSize = FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_BYTES_PER_SECTOR );

        if( ( ( pxPartition->usBlkSize % 512 ) != 0 ) || ( pxPartition->usBlkSize == 0 ) )
        {
            /* An error here should override the current error, as its likely fatal. */
            xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );

            if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
            {
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_MOUNT;
            }

            break;
        }

        /* Assume FAT16, then we'll adjust if its FAT32 */
        pxPartition->usReservedSectors = FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_RESERVED_SECTORS );
        pxPartition->ulFATBeginLBA = pxPartition->ulBeginLBA + pxPartition->usReservedSectors;

        pxPartition->ucNumFATS = ( uint8_t ) FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_NUMBER_OF_FATS );
        pxPartition->ulSectorsPerFAT = ( uint32_t ) FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_16_SECTORS_PER_FAT );

        pxPartition->ulSectorsPerCluster = FF_getChar( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_SECTORS_PER_CLUS );

        /* Set the BlockFactor (How many real-blocks in a fake block!). */
        pxPartition->ucBlkFactor = ( uint8_t ) ( pxPartition->usBlkSize / pxIOManager->usSectorSize );
        pxPartition->ulTotalSectors = ( uint32_t ) FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_16_TOTAL_SECTORS );

        if( pxPartition->ulTotalSectors == 0 )
        {
            pxPartition->ulTotalSectors = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_32_TOTAL_SECTORS );
        }

        if( pxPartition->ulSectorsPerFAT == 0 )
        {   /* FAT32 */
            pxPartition->ulSectorsPerFAT = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_32_SECTORS_PER_FAT );
            pxPartition->ulRootDirCluster = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_ROOT_DIR_CLUSTER );
            memcpy( pxPartition->pcVolumeLabel, pxBuffer->pucBuffer + FF_FAT_32_VOL_LABEL, sizeof( pxPartition->pcVolumeLabel ) - 1 );
        }
        else
        {                                      /* FAT16 */
            pxPartition->ulRootDirCluster = 1; /* 1st Cluster is RootDir! */
            memcpy( pxPartition->pcVolumeLabel, pxBuffer->pucBuffer + FF_FAT_16_VOL_LABEL, sizeof( pxPartition->pcVolumeLabel ) - 1 );
        }

        pxPartition->ulClusterBeginLBA = pxPartition->ulFATBeginLBA + ( pxPartition->ucNumFATS * pxPartition->ulSectorsPerFAT );
        #if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 )
            {
                pxPartition->ulFSInfoLBA = pxPartition->ulBeginLBA + FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, 48 );
            }
        #endif
        FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer ); /* Release the buffer finally! */

        if( pxPartition->usBlkSize == 0 )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_MOUNT;
            break;
        }

        rootEntryCount = FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_ROOT_ENTRY_COUNT );
        pxPartition->ulRootDirSectors = ( ( rootEntryCount * 32 ) + pxPartition->usBlkSize - 1 ) / pxPartition->usBlkSize;
        pxPartition->ulFirstDataSector = pxPartition->ulClusterBeginLBA + pxPartition->ulRootDirSectors;
        pxPartition->ulDataSectors = pxPartition->ulTotalSectors - ( pxPartition->usReservedSectors + ( pxPartition->ucNumFATS * pxPartition->ulSectorsPerFAT ) + pxPartition->ulRootDirSectors );

        /*
         * HT: fat32Indicator not yet used
         * As there is so much confusion about the FAT types
         * I was thinking of collecting indications for either FAT12, 16 or 32
         */

        /*
         * if( FF_getShort( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FF_FAT_EXT_BOOT_SIGNATURE ) == 0x29 )
         *  fat32Indicator++;
         * if( rootEntryCount == 0 )
         *  fat32Indicator++;
         */
        if( pxPartition->ulSectorsPerCluster == 0 )
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_INVALID_FORMAT | FF_MOUNT;
            break;
        }

        pxPartition->ulNumClusters = pxPartition->ulDataSectors / pxPartition->ulSectorsPerCluster;

        xError = prvDetermineFatType( pxIOManager );

        if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
        {
            break;
        }

        if( !rootEntryCount && ( pxPartition->ucType != FF_T_FAT32 ) )
        {
            FF_PRINTF( "No root dir, must be a FAT32\n" );
            pxPartition->ucType = FF_T_FAT32;
        }

        pxPartition->ucPartitionMounted = pdTRUE;
        pxPartition->ulLastFreeCluster = 0;
        #if ( ffconfigMOUNT_FIND_FREE != 0 )
            {
                FF_LockFAT( pxIOManager );
                {
                    /* The parameter 'pdFALSE' means: do not claim the free cluster found. */
                    pxPartition->ulLastFreeCluster = FF_FindFreeCluster( pxIOManager, &xError, pdFALSE );
                }
                FF_UnlockFAT( pxIOManager );

                if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
                {
                    if( FF_GETERROR( xError ) == FF_ERR_IOMAN_NOT_ENOUGH_FREE_SPACE )
                    {
                        pxPartition->ulLastFreeCluster = 0;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                pxPartition->ulFreeClusterCount = FF_CountFreeClusters( pxIOManager, &xError );

                if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        #else /* if ( ffconfigMOUNT_FIND_FREE != 0 ) */
            {
                pxPartition->ulFreeClusterCount = 0;
            }
        #endif /* ffconfigMOUNT_FIND_FREE */
    }
    while( pdFALSE );

    if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
    {
        xError = 0;
    }

    return xError;
} /* FF_Mount() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@private
 *	@brief		Checks the cache for Active Handles
 *
 *	@param		pxIOManager FF_IOManager_t Object.
 *
 *	@Return		pdTRUE if an active handle is found, else pdFALSE.
 *
 *	@pre		This function must be wrapped with the cache handling semaphore.
 **/
static BaseType_t prvHasActiveHandles( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
{
    BaseType_t xResult;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer = pxIOManager->pxBuffers;
    FF_Buffer_t * pxLastBuffer = pxBuffer + pxIOManager->usCacheSize;

    for( ; ; )
    {
        if( pxBuffer->usNumHandles )
        {
            xResult = pdTRUE;
            break;
        }

        pxBuffer++;

        if( pxBuffer == pxLastBuffer )
        {
            xResult = pdFALSE;
            break;
        }
    }

    return xResult;
} /* prvHasActiveHandles() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@public
 *	@brief	Unmounts the active partition.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager	FF_IOManager_t Object.
 *
 *	@Return FF_ERR_NONE on success.
 **/
FF_Error_t FF_Unmount( FF_Disk_t * pxDisk )
{
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
    FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager;

    #if ( ffconfigMIRROR_FATS_UMOUNT != 0 )
        UBaseType_t uxIndex, y;
        FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
    #endif

    if( pxDisk->pxIOManager == NULL )
    {
        xError = FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER | FF_UNMOUNT;
    }
    else if( pxDisk->pxIOManager->xPartition.ucPartitionMounted == 0 )
    {
        xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
    }
    else
    {
        pxIOManager = pxDisk->pxIOManager;
        FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore ); /* Ensure that there are no File Handles */
        {
            if( prvHasActiveHandles( pxIOManager ) != 0 )
            {
                /* Active handles found on the cache. */
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_ACTIVE_HANDLES | FF_UNMOUNT;
            }
            else if( pxIOManager->FirstFile != NULL )
            {
                /* Open files in this partition. */
                xError = FF_ERR_IOMAN_ACTIVE_HANDLES | FF_UNMOUNT;
            }
            else
            {
                /* Release Semaphore to call this function! */
                FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
                /* Flush any unwritten sectors to disk. */
                xError = FF_FlushCache( pxIOManager );
                /* Reclaim Semaphore */
                FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );

                if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
                {
                    pxIOManager->xPartition.ucPartitionMounted = pdFALSE;

                    #if ( ffconfigMIRROR_FATS_UMOUNT != 0 )
                        {
                            FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );

                            for( uxIndex = 0; uxIndex < pxIOManager->xPartition.ulSectorsPerFAT; uxIndex++ )
                            {
                                pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFATBeginLBA + uxIndex, FF_MODE_READ );

                                if( !pxBuffer )
                                {
                                    xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_UNMOUNT;
                                    break;
                                }

                                for( y = 0; y < pxIOManager->xPartition.ucNumFATS; y++ )
                                {
                                    FF_BlockWrite( pxIOManager,
                                                   pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFATBeginLBA + ( y * pxIOManager->xPartition.ulSectorsPerFAT ) + uxIndex, 1,
                                                   pxBuffer->pucBuffer, pdFALSE );
                                }
                            }

                            FF_PendSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
                        }
                    #endif /* if ( ffconfigMIRROR_FATS_UMOUNT != 0 ) */
                }
            }
        }
        FF_ReleaseSemaphore( pxIOManager->pvSemaphore );
    }

    return xError;
} /* FF_Unmount() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

FF_Error_t FF_IncreaseFreeClusters( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                                    uint32_t Count )
{
    FF_Error_t xError;

    #if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 )
        FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
    #endif

    do
    {
        /* Open a do {} while( pdFALSE ) loop to allow the use of break statements. */
        if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount == 0ul )
        {
            /* Apparently the number of free clusters has not been calculated yet,
             * or no free cluster was available. Now check it. */
            pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount = FF_CountFreeClusters( pxIOManager, &xError );

            if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
            {
                break;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            xError = FF_ERR_NONE;
            taskENTER_CRITICAL();
            {
                pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount += Count;
            }
            taskEXIT_CRITICAL();
        }

        if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulLastFreeCluster == 0 )
        {
            BaseType_t xTakeLock = FF_Has_Lock( pxIOManager, FF_FAT_LOCK ) == pdFALSE;

            if( xTakeLock )
            {
                FF_LockFAT( pxIOManager );
            }

            /* Find the an available cluster. */
            pxIOManager->xPartition.ulLastFreeCluster = FF_FindFreeCluster( pxIOManager, &xError, pdFALSE );

            if( xTakeLock )
            {
                FF_UnlockFAT( pxIOManager );
            }

            if( FF_isERR( xError ) )
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        #if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 )
            {
                /* FAT32 updates the FSINFO sector. */
                if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ucType == FF_T_FAT32 )
                {
                    /* Find the FSINFO sector. */
                    pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFSInfoLBA, FF_MODE_WRITE );

                    if( pxBuffer == NULL )
                    {
                        xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_INCREASEFREECLUSTERS;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        uint32_t ulSignature1;
                        uint32_t ulSignature2;

                        ulSignature1 = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_SIGNATURE1_000 );
                        ulSignature2 = FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_SIGNATURE2_484 );

                        if( ( ulSignature1 == FS_INFO_SIGNATURE1_0x41615252 ) &&
                            ( ulSignature2 == FS_INFO_SIGNATURE2_0x61417272 ) )
                        {
                            /* FSINFO sector magic numbers we're verified. Safe to write. */
                            FF_putLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_FREE_COUNT_488, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount );
                            FF_putLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_FREE_CLUSTER_492, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulLastFreeCluster );
                        }

                        xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );
                    }
                }
            }
        #endif /* if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 ) */
    }
    while( pdFALSE );

    return xError;
} /* FF_IncreaseFreeClusters() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

FF_Error_t FF_DecreaseFreeClusters( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager,
                                    uint32_t Count )
{
    FF_Error_t xError = FF_ERR_NONE;

    #if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 )
        FF_Buffer_t * pxBuffer;
    #endif

    if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount == 0ul )
    {
        pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount = FF_CountFreeClusters( pxIOManager, &xError );
    }
    else
    {
        taskENTER_CRITICAL();
        pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount -= Count;
        taskEXIT_CRITICAL();
    }

    if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
    {
        if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulLastFreeCluster == 0 )
        {
            FF_LockFAT( pxIOManager );
            {
                pxIOManager->xPartition.ulLastFreeCluster = FF_FindFreeCluster( pxIOManager, &xError, pdFALSE );
            }
            FF_UnlockFAT( pxIOManager );
        }
    }

    if( FF_isERR( xError ) == pdFALSE )
    {
        #if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 )
            {
                /* FAT32 update the FSINFO sector. */
                if( pxIOManager->xPartition.ucType == FF_T_FAT32 )
                {
                    /* Find the FSINFO sector. */
                    pxBuffer = FF_GetBuffer( pxIOManager, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFSInfoLBA, FF_MODE_WRITE );

                    if( pxBuffer == NULL )
                    {
                        xError = FF_ERR_DEVICE_DRIVER_FAILED | FF_DECREASEFREECLUSTERS;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if( ( FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_SIGNATURE1_000 ) == FS_INFO_SIGNATURE1_0x41615252 ) &&
                            ( FF_getLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_SIGNATURE2_484 ) == FS_INFO_SIGNATURE2_0x61417272 ) )
                        {
                            /* FSINFO sector magic nums we're verified. Safe to write. */
                            FF_putLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_FREE_COUNT_488, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulFreeClusterCount );
                            FF_putLong( pxBuffer->pucBuffer, FS_INFO_OFFSET_FREE_CLUSTER_492, pxIOManager->xPartition.ulLastFreeCluster );
                        }

                        xError = FF_ReleaseBuffer( pxIOManager, pxBuffer );
                    }
                }
            }
        #endif /* if ( ffconfigWRITE_FREE_COUNT != 0 ) */
    }

    return xError;
} /* FF_DecreaseFreeClusters() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 *	@brief	Returns the Block-size of a mounted Partition
 *
 *	The purpose of this function is to provide API access to information
 *	that might be useful in special cases. Like USB sticks that require a sector
 *	knocking sequence for security. After the sector knock, some secure USB
 *	sticks then present a different BlockSize.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager		FF_IOManager_t Object returned from FF_CreateIOManger()
 *
 *	@Return	The blocksize of the partition. A value less than 0 when an error occurs.
 *	@Return	Any negative value can be cast to the FF_Error_t type.
 **/
int32_t FF_GetPartitionBlockSize( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
{
    int32_t lReturn;

    if( pxIOManager )
    {
        lReturn = ( int32_t ) pxIOManager->xPartition.usBlkSize;
    }
    else
    {
        lReturn = FF_ERR_NULL_POINTER | FF_GETPARTITIONBLOCKSIZE;
    }

    return lReturn;
} /* FF_GetPartitionBlockSize() */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

#if ( ffconfig64_NUM_SUPPORT != 0 )

/**
 *	@brief	Returns the number of bytes contained within the mounted partition or volume.
 *
 *	@param	pxIOManager		FF_IOManager_t Object returned from FF_CreateIOManger()
 *
 *	@Return The total number of bytes that the mounted partition or volume contains.
 *
 **/
    uint64_t FF_GetVolumeSize( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
    {
        uint64_t ullResult;

        if( pxIOManager )
        {
            uint32_t TotalClusters = ( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulDataSectors / pxIOManager->xPartition.ulSectorsPerCluster );
            ullResult = ( uint64_t )
                        (
                ( uint64_t ) TotalClusters * ( uint64_t )
                ( ( uint64_t ) pxIOManager->xPartition.ulSectorsPerCluster * ( uint64_t ) pxIOManager->xPartition.usBlkSize )
                        );
        }
        else
        {
            ullResult = 0ULL;
        }

        return ullResult;
    } /* FF_GetVolumeSize() */
#else /* if ( ffconfig64_NUM_SUPPORT != 0 ) */
    uint32_t FF_GetVolumeSize( FF_IOManager_t * pxIOManager )
    {
        uint32_t ulResult;

        if( pxIOManager )
        {
            uint32_t TotalClusters = pxIOManager->xPartition.ulDataSectors / pxIOManager->xPartition.ulSectorsPerCluster;
            ulResult = ( uint32_t ) ( TotalClusters * ( pxIOManager->xPartition.ulSectorsPerCluster * pxIOManager->xPartition.usBlkSize ) );
        }
        else
        {
            ulResult = 0UL;
        }

        return ulResult;
    } /* FF_GetVolumeSize() */
#endif /* if ( ffconfig64_NUM_SUPPORT != 0 ) */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/