ark1668ed-bsp/linux/tools/bpf/bpftool/feature.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause)
/* Copyright (c) 2019 Netronome Systems, Inc. */

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
#include <sys/capability.h>
#endif
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <sys/vfs.h>

#include <linux/filter.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>

#include <bpf/bpf.h>
#include <bpf/libbpf.h>
#include <zlib.h>

#include "main.h"

#ifndef PROC_SUPER_MAGIC
# define PROC_SUPER_MAGIC	0x9fa0
#endif

enum probe_component {
	COMPONENT_UNSPEC,
	COMPONENT_KERNEL,
	COMPONENT_DEVICE,
};

#define BPF_HELPER_MAKE_ENTRY(name)	[BPF_FUNC_ ## name] = "bpf_" # name
static const char * const helper_name[] = {
	__BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(BPF_HELPER_MAKE_ENTRY)
};

#undef BPF_HELPER_MAKE_ENTRY

static bool full_mode;
#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
static bool run_as_unprivileged;
#endif

/* Miscellaneous utility functions */

static bool grep(const char *buffer, const char *pattern)
{
	return !!strstr(buffer, pattern);
}

static bool check_procfs(void)
{
	struct statfs st_fs;

	if (statfs("/proc", &st_fs) < 0)
		return false;
	if ((unsigned long)st_fs.f_type != PROC_SUPER_MAGIC)
		return false;

	return true;
}

static void uppercase(char *str, size_t len)
{
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < len && str[i] != '\0'; i++)
		str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}

/* Printing utility functions */

static void
print_bool_feature(const char *feat_name, const char *plain_name,
		   const char *define_name, bool res, const char *define_prefix)
{
	if (json_output)
		jsonw_bool_field(json_wtr, feat_name, res);
	else if (define_prefix)
		printf("#define %s%sHAVE_%s\n", define_prefix,
		       res ? "" : "NO_", define_name);
	else
		printf("%s is %savailable\n", plain_name, res ? "" : "NOT ");
}

static void print_kernel_option(const char *name, const char *value,
				const char *define_prefix)
{
	char *endptr;
	int res;

	if (json_output) {
		if (!value) {
			jsonw_null_field(json_wtr, name);
			return;
		}
		errno = 0;
		res = strtol(value, &endptr, 0);
		if (!errno && *endptr == '\n')
			jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, name, res);
		else
			jsonw_string_field(json_wtr, name, value);
	} else if (define_prefix) {
		if (value)
			printf("#define %s%s %s\n", define_prefix,
			       name, value);
		else
			printf("/* %s%s is not set */\n", define_prefix, name);
	} else {
		if (value)
			printf("%s is set to %s\n", name, value);
		else
			printf("%s is not set\n", name);
	}
}

static void
print_start_section(const char *json_title, const char *plain_title,
		    const char *define_comment, const char *define_prefix)
{
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_name(json_wtr, json_title);
		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
	} else if (define_prefix) {
		printf("%s\n", define_comment);
	} else {
		printf("%s\n", plain_title);
	}
}

static void print_end_section(void)
{
	if (json_output)
		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);
	else
		printf("\n");
}

/* Probing functions */

static int get_vendor_id(int ifindex)
{
	char ifname[IF_NAMESIZE], path[64], buf[8];
	ssize_t len;
	int fd;

	if (!if_indextoname(ifindex, ifname))
		return -1;

	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/class/net/%s/device/vendor", ifname);

	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
	if (fd < 0)
		return -1;

	len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
	close(fd);
	if (len < 0)
		return -1;
	if (len >= (ssize_t)sizeof(buf))
		return -1;
	buf[len] = '\0';

	return strtol(buf, NULL, 0);
}

static long read_procfs(const char *path)
{
	char *endptr, *line = NULL;
	size_t len = 0;
	FILE *fd;
	long res;

	fd = fopen(path, "r");
	if (!fd)
		return -1;

	res = getline(&line, &len, fd);
	fclose(fd);
	if (res < 0)
		return -1;

	errno = 0;
	res = strtol(line, &endptr, 10);
	if (errno || *line == '\0' || *endptr != '\n')
		res = -1;
	free(line);

	return res;
}

static void probe_unprivileged_disabled(void)
{
	long res;

	/* No support for C-style output */

	res = read_procfs("/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled");
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "unprivileged_bpf_disabled", res);
	} else {
		switch (res) {
		case 0:
			printf("bpf() syscall for unprivileged users is enabled\n");
			break;
		case 1:
			printf("bpf() syscall restricted to privileged users (without recovery)\n");
			break;
		case 2:
			printf("bpf() syscall restricted to privileged users (admin can change)\n");
			break;
		case -1:
			printf("Unable to retrieve required privileges for bpf() syscall\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("bpf() syscall restriction has unknown value %ld\n", res);
		}
	}
}

static void probe_jit_enable(void)
{
	long res;

	/* No support for C-style output */

	res = read_procfs("/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable");
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bpf_jit_enable", res);
	} else {
		switch (res) {
		case 0:
			printf("JIT compiler is disabled\n");
			break;
		case 1:
			printf("JIT compiler is enabled\n");
			break;
		case 2:
			printf("JIT compiler is enabled with debugging traces in kernel logs\n");
			break;
		case -1:
			printf("Unable to retrieve JIT-compiler status\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("JIT-compiler status has unknown value %ld\n",
			       res);
		}
	}
}

static void probe_jit_harden(void)
{
	long res;

	/* No support for C-style output */

	res = read_procfs("/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_harden");
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bpf_jit_harden", res);
	} else {
		switch (res) {
		case 0:
			printf("JIT compiler hardening is disabled\n");
			break;
		case 1:
			printf("JIT compiler hardening is enabled for unprivileged users\n");
			break;
		case 2:
			printf("JIT compiler hardening is enabled for all users\n");
			break;
		case -1:
			printf("Unable to retrieve JIT hardening status\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("JIT hardening status has unknown value %ld\n",
			       res);
		}
	}
}

static void probe_jit_kallsyms(void)
{
	long res;

	/* No support for C-style output */

	res = read_procfs("/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_kallsyms");
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bpf_jit_kallsyms", res);
	} else {
		switch (res) {
		case 0:
			printf("JIT compiler kallsyms exports are disabled\n");
			break;
		case 1:
			printf("JIT compiler kallsyms exports are enabled for root\n");
			break;
		case -1:
			printf("Unable to retrieve JIT kallsyms export status\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("JIT kallsyms exports status has unknown value %ld\n", res);
		}
	}
}

static void probe_jit_limit(void)
{
	long res;

	/* No support for C-style output */

	res = read_procfs("/proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_limit");
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_int_field(json_wtr, "bpf_jit_limit", res);
	} else {
		switch (res) {
		case -1:
			printf("Unable to retrieve global memory limit for JIT compiler for unprivileged users\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("Global memory limit for JIT compiler for unprivileged users is %ld bytes\n", res);
		}
	}
}

static bool read_next_kernel_config_option(gzFile file, char *buf, size_t n,
					   char **value)
{
	char *sep;

	while (gzgets(file, buf, n)) {
		if (strncmp(buf, "CONFIG_", 7))
			continue;

		sep = strchr(buf, '=');
		if (!sep)
			continue;

		/* Trim ending '\n' */
		buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';

		/* Split on '=' and ensure that a value is present. */
		*sep = '\0';
		if (!sep[1])
			continue;

		*value = sep + 1;
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

static void probe_kernel_image_config(const char *define_prefix)
{
	static const struct {
		const char * const name;
		bool macro_dump;
	} options[] = {
		/* Enable BPF */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF", },
		/* Enable bpf() syscall */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL", },
		/* Does selected architecture support eBPF JIT compiler */
		{ "CONFIG_HAVE_EBPF_JIT", },
		/* Compile eBPF JIT compiler */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_JIT", },
		/* Avoid compiling eBPF interpreter (use JIT only) */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON", },
		/* Kernel BTF debug information available */
		{ "CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF", },
		/* Kernel module BTF debug information available */
		{ "CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF_MODULES", },

		/* cgroups */
		{ "CONFIG_CGROUPS", },
		/* BPF programs attached to cgroups */
		{ "CONFIG_CGROUP_BPF", },
		/* bpf_get_cgroup_classid() helper */
		{ "CONFIG_CGROUP_NET_CLASSID", },
		/* bpf_skb_{,ancestor_}cgroup_id() helpers */
		{ "CONFIG_SOCK_CGROUP_DATA", },

		/* Tracing: attach BPF to kprobes, tracepoints, etc. */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS", },
		/* Kprobes */
		{ "CONFIG_KPROBE_EVENTS", },
		/* Uprobes */
		{ "CONFIG_UPROBE_EVENTS", },
		/* Tracepoints */
		{ "CONFIG_TRACING", },
		/* Syscall tracepoints */
		{ "CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS", },
		/* bpf_override_return() helper support for selected arch */
		{ "CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION", },
		/* bpf_override_return() helper */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_KPROBE_OVERRIDE", },

		/* Network */
		{ "CONFIG_NET", },
		/* AF_XDP sockets */
		{ "CONFIG_XDP_SOCKETS", },
		/* BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_* and related helpers */
		{ "CONFIG_LWTUNNEL_BPF", },
		/* BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT, TC (traffic control) actions */
		{ "CONFIG_NET_ACT_BPF", },
		/* BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS, TC filters */
		{ "CONFIG_NET_CLS_BPF", },
		/* TC clsact qdisc */
		{ "CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT", },
		/* Ingress filtering with TC */
		{ "CONFIG_NET_SCH_INGRESS", },
		/* bpf_skb_get_xfrm_state() helper */
		{ "CONFIG_XFRM", },
		/* bpf_get_route_realm() helper */
		{ "CONFIG_IP_ROUTE_CLASSID", },
		/* BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6_LOCAL and related helpers */
		{ "CONFIG_IPV6_SEG6_BPF", },
		/* BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2 and related helpers */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_LIRC_MODE2", },
		/* BPF stream parser and BPF socket maps */
		{ "CONFIG_BPF_STREAM_PARSER", },
		/* xt_bpf module for passing BPF programs to netfilter  */
		{ "CONFIG_NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_BPF", },

		/* test_bpf module for BPF tests */
		{ "CONFIG_TEST_BPF", },

		/* Misc configs useful in BPF C programs */
		/* jiffies <-> sec conversion for bpf_jiffies64() helper */
		{ "CONFIG_HZ", true, }
	};
	char *values[ARRAY_SIZE(options)] = { };
	struct utsname utsn;
	char path[PATH_MAX];
	gzFile file = NULL;
	char buf[4096];
	char *value;
	size_t i;

	if (!uname(&utsn)) {
		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/boot/config-%s", utsn.release);

		/* gzopen also accepts uncompressed files. */
		file = gzopen(path, "r");
	}

	if (!file) {
		/* Some distributions build with CONFIG_IKCONFIG=y and put the
		 * config file at /proc/config.gz.
		 */
		file = gzopen("/proc/config.gz", "r");
	}
	if (!file) {
		p_info("skipping kernel config, can't open file: %s",
		       strerror(errno));
		goto end_parse;
	}
	/* Sanity checks */
	if (!gzgets(file, buf, sizeof(buf)) ||
	    !gzgets(file, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
		p_info("skipping kernel config, can't read from file: %s",
		       strerror(errno));
		goto end_parse;
	}
	if (strcmp(buf, "# Automatically generated file; DO NOT EDIT.\n")) {
		p_info("skipping kernel config, can't find correct file");
		goto end_parse;
	}

	while (read_next_kernel_config_option(file, buf, sizeof(buf), &value)) {
		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(options); i++) {
			if ((define_prefix && !options[i].macro_dump) ||
			    values[i] || strcmp(buf, options[i].name))
				continue;

			values[i] = strdup(value);
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(options); i++) {
		if (define_prefix && !options[i].macro_dump)
			continue;
		print_kernel_option(options[i].name, values[i], define_prefix);
		free(values[i]);
	}

end_parse:
	if (file)
		gzclose(file);
}

static bool probe_bpf_syscall(const char *define_prefix)
{
	bool res;

	bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
	res = (errno != ENOSYS);

	print_bool_feature("have_bpf_syscall",
			   "bpf() syscall",
			   "BPF_SYSCALL",
			   res, define_prefix);

	return res;
}

static bool
probe_prog_load_ifindex(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
			const struct bpf_insn *insns, size_t insns_cnt,
			char *log_buf, size_t log_buf_sz,
			__u32 ifindex)
{
	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_load_opts, opts,
		    .log_buf = log_buf,
		    .log_size = log_buf_sz,
		    .log_level = log_buf ? 1 : 0,
		    .prog_ifindex = ifindex,
		   );
	int fd;

	errno = 0;
	fd = bpf_prog_load(prog_type, NULL, "GPL", insns, insns_cnt, &opts);
	if (fd >= 0)
		close(fd);

	return fd >= 0 && errno != EINVAL && errno != EOPNOTSUPP;
}

static bool probe_prog_type_ifindex(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, __u32 ifindex)
{
	/* nfp returns -EINVAL on exit(0) with TC offload */
	struct bpf_insn insns[2] = {
		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 2),
		BPF_EXIT_INSN()
	};

	return probe_prog_load_ifindex(prog_type, insns, ARRAY_SIZE(insns),
				       NULL, 0, ifindex);
}

static void
probe_prog_type(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, const char *prog_type_str,
		bool *supported_types, const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	char feat_name[128], plain_desc[128], define_name[128];
	const char *plain_comment = "eBPF program_type ";
	size_t maxlen;
	bool res;

	if (ifindex) {
		switch (prog_type) {
		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS:
		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP:
			break;
		default:
			return;
		}

		res = probe_prog_type_ifindex(prog_type, ifindex);
	} else {
		res = libbpf_probe_bpf_prog_type(prog_type, NULL) > 0;
	}

#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
	/* Probe may succeed even if program load fails, for unprivileged users
	 * check that we did not fail because of insufficient permissions
	 */
	if (run_as_unprivileged && errno == EPERM)
		res = false;
#endif

	supported_types[prog_type] |= res;

	maxlen = sizeof(plain_desc) - strlen(plain_comment) - 1;
	if (strlen(prog_type_str) > maxlen) {
		p_info("program type name too long");
		return;
	}

	sprintf(feat_name, "have_%s_prog_type", prog_type_str);
	sprintf(define_name, "%s_prog_type", prog_type_str);
	uppercase(define_name, sizeof(define_name));
	sprintf(plain_desc, "%s%s", plain_comment, prog_type_str);
	print_bool_feature(feat_name, plain_desc, define_name, res,
			   define_prefix);
}

static bool probe_map_type_ifindex(enum bpf_map_type map_type, __u32 ifindex)
{
	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_map_create_opts, opts);
	int key_size, value_size, max_entries;
	int fd;

	opts.map_ifindex = ifindex;

	key_size = sizeof(__u32);
	value_size = sizeof(__u32);
	max_entries = 1;

	fd = bpf_map_create(map_type, NULL, key_size, value_size, max_entries,
			    &opts);
	if (fd >= 0)
		close(fd);

	return fd >= 0;
}

static void
probe_map_type(enum bpf_map_type map_type, char const *map_type_str,
	       const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	char feat_name[128], plain_desc[128], define_name[128];
	const char *plain_comment = "eBPF map_type ";
	size_t maxlen;
	bool res;

	if (ifindex) {
		switch (map_type) {
		case BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH:
		case BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY:
			break;
		default:
			return;
		}

		res = probe_map_type_ifindex(map_type, ifindex);
	} else {
		res = libbpf_probe_bpf_map_type(map_type, NULL) > 0;
	}

	/* Probe result depends on the success of map creation, no additional
	 * check required for unprivileged users
	 */

	maxlen = sizeof(plain_desc) - strlen(plain_comment) - 1;
	if (strlen(map_type_str) > maxlen) {
		p_info("map type name too long");
		return;
	}

	sprintf(feat_name, "have_%s_map_type", map_type_str);
	sprintf(define_name, "%s_map_type", map_type_str);
	uppercase(define_name, sizeof(define_name));
	sprintf(plain_desc, "%s%s", plain_comment, map_type_str);
	print_bool_feature(feat_name, plain_desc, define_name, res,
			   define_prefix);
}

static bool
probe_helper_ifindex(enum bpf_func_id id, enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
		     __u32 ifindex)
{
	struct bpf_insn insns[2] = {
		BPF_EMIT_CALL(id),
		BPF_EXIT_INSN()
	};
	char buf[4096] = {};
	bool res;

	probe_prog_load_ifindex(prog_type, insns, ARRAY_SIZE(insns), buf,
				sizeof(buf), ifindex);
	res = !grep(buf, "invalid func ") && !grep(buf, "unknown func ") &&
		!grep(buf, "program of this type cannot use helper ");

	switch (get_vendor_id(ifindex)) {
	case 0x19ee: /* Netronome specific */
		res = res && !grep(buf, "not supported by FW") &&
			!grep(buf, "unsupported function id");
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	return res;
}

static bool
probe_helper_for_progtype(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type, bool supported_type,
			  const char *define_prefix, unsigned int id,
			  const char *ptype_name, __u32 ifindex)
{
	bool res = false;

	if (supported_type) {
		if (ifindex)
			res = probe_helper_ifindex(id, prog_type, ifindex);
		else
			res = libbpf_probe_bpf_helper(prog_type, id, NULL) > 0;
#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
		/* Probe may succeed even if program load fails, for
		 * unprivileged users check that we did not fail because of
		 * insufficient permissions
		 */
		if (run_as_unprivileged && errno == EPERM)
			res = false;
#endif
	}

	if (json_output) {
		if (res)
			jsonw_string(json_wtr, helper_name[id]);
	} else if (define_prefix) {
		printf("#define %sBPF__PROG_TYPE_%s__HELPER_%s %s\n",
		       define_prefix, ptype_name, helper_name[id],
		       res ? "1" : "0");
	} else {
		if (res)
			printf("\n\t- %s", helper_name[id]);
	}

	return res;
}

static void
probe_helpers_for_progtype(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
			   const char *prog_type_str, bool supported_type,
			   const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	char feat_name[128];
	unsigned int id;
	bool probe_res = false;

	if (ifindex)
		/* Only test helpers for offload-able program types */
		switch (prog_type) {
		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS:
		case BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP:
			break;
		default:
			return;
		}

	if (json_output) {
		sprintf(feat_name, "%s_available_helpers", prog_type_str);
		jsonw_name(json_wtr, feat_name);
		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);
	} else if (!define_prefix) {
		printf("eBPF helpers supported for program type %s:",
		       prog_type_str);
	}

	for (id = 1; id < ARRAY_SIZE(helper_name); id++) {
		/* Skip helper functions which emit dmesg messages when not in
		 * the full mode.
		 */
		switch (id) {
		case BPF_FUNC_trace_printk:
		case BPF_FUNC_trace_vprintk:
		case BPF_FUNC_probe_write_user:
			if (!full_mode)
				continue;
			fallthrough;
		default:
			probe_res |= probe_helper_for_progtype(prog_type, supported_type,
						  define_prefix, id, prog_type_str,
						  ifindex);
		}
	}

	if (json_output)
		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);
	else if (!define_prefix) {
		printf("\n");
		if (!probe_res) {
			if (!supported_type)
				printf("\tProgram type not supported\n");
			else
				printf("\tCould not determine which helpers are available\n");
		}
	}


}

static void
probe_misc_feature(struct bpf_insn *insns, size_t len,
		   const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex,
		   const char *feat_name, const char *plain_name,
		   const char *define_name)
{
	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_load_opts, opts,
		.prog_ifindex = ifindex,
	);
	bool res;
	int fd;

	errno = 0;
	fd = bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER, NULL, "GPL",
			   insns, len, &opts);
	res = fd >= 0 || !errno;

	if (fd >= 0)
		close(fd);

	print_bool_feature(feat_name, plain_name, define_name, res,
			   define_prefix);
}

/*
 * Probe for availability of kernel commit (5.3):
 *
 * c04c0d2b968a ("bpf: increase complexity limit and maximum program size")
 */
static void probe_large_insn_limit(const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	struct bpf_insn insns[BPF_MAXINSNS + 1];
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < BPF_MAXINSNS; i++)
		insns[i] = BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 1);
	insns[BPF_MAXINSNS] = BPF_EXIT_INSN();

	probe_misc_feature(insns, ARRAY_SIZE(insns),
			   define_prefix, ifindex,
			   "have_large_insn_limit",
			   "Large program size limit",
			   "LARGE_INSN_LIMIT");
}

/*
 * Probe for bounded loop support introduced in commit 2589726d12a1
 * ("bpf: introduce bounded loops").
 */
static void
probe_bounded_loops(const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	struct bpf_insn insns[4] = {
		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 10),
		BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_SUB, BPF_REG_0, 1),
		BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0, -2),
		BPF_EXIT_INSN()
	};

	probe_misc_feature(insns, ARRAY_SIZE(insns),
			   define_prefix, ifindex,
			   "have_bounded_loops",
			   "Bounded loop support",
			   "BOUNDED_LOOPS");
}

/*
 * Probe for the v2 instruction set extension introduced in commit 92b31a9af73b
 * ("bpf: add BPF_J{LT,LE,SLT,SLE} instructions").
 */
static void
probe_v2_isa_extension(const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	struct bpf_insn insns[4] = {
		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),
		BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JLT, BPF_REG_0, 0, 1),
		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 1),
		BPF_EXIT_INSN()
	};

	probe_misc_feature(insns, ARRAY_SIZE(insns),
			   define_prefix, ifindex,
			   "have_v2_isa_extension",
			   "ISA extension v2",
			   "V2_ISA_EXTENSION");
}

/*
 * Probe for the v3 instruction set extension introduced in commit 092ed0968bb6
 * ("bpf: verifier support JMP32").
 */
static void
probe_v3_isa_extension(const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	struct bpf_insn insns[4] = {
		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),
		BPF_JMP32_IMM(BPF_JLT, BPF_REG_0, 0, 1),
		BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 1),
		BPF_EXIT_INSN()
	};

	probe_misc_feature(insns, ARRAY_SIZE(insns),
			   define_prefix, ifindex,
			   "have_v3_isa_extension",
			   "ISA extension v3",
			   "V3_ISA_EXTENSION");
}

static void
section_system_config(enum probe_component target, const char *define_prefix)
{
	switch (target) {
	case COMPONENT_KERNEL:
	case COMPONENT_UNSPEC:
		print_start_section("system_config",
				    "Scanning system configuration...",
				    "/*** Misc kernel config items ***/",
				    define_prefix);
		if (!define_prefix) {
			if (check_procfs()) {
				probe_unprivileged_disabled();
				probe_jit_enable();
				probe_jit_harden();
				probe_jit_kallsyms();
				probe_jit_limit();
			} else {
				p_info("/* procfs not mounted, skipping related probes */");
			}
		}
		probe_kernel_image_config(define_prefix);
		print_end_section();
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}

static bool section_syscall_config(const char *define_prefix)
{
	bool res;

	print_start_section("syscall_config",
			    "Scanning system call availability...",
			    "/*** System call availability ***/",
			    define_prefix);
	res = probe_bpf_syscall(define_prefix);
	print_end_section();

	return res;
}

static void
section_program_types(bool *supported_types, const char *define_prefix,
		      __u32 ifindex)
{
	unsigned int prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
	const char *prog_type_str;

	print_start_section("program_types",
			    "Scanning eBPF program types...",
			    "/*** eBPF program types ***/",
			    define_prefix);

	while (true) {
		prog_type++;
		prog_type_str = libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str(prog_type);
		/* libbpf will return NULL for variants unknown to it. */
		if (!prog_type_str)
			break;

		probe_prog_type(prog_type, prog_type_str, supported_types, define_prefix,
				ifindex);
	}

	print_end_section();
}

static void section_map_types(const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	unsigned int map_type = BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC;
	const char *map_type_str;

	print_start_section("map_types",
			    "Scanning eBPF map types...",
			    "/*** eBPF map types ***/",
			    define_prefix);

	while (true) {
		map_type++;
		map_type_str = libbpf_bpf_map_type_str(map_type);
		/* libbpf will return NULL for variants unknown to it. */
		if (!map_type_str)
			break;

		probe_map_type(map_type, map_type_str, define_prefix, ifindex);
	}

	print_end_section();
}

static void
section_helpers(bool *supported_types, const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	unsigned int prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC;
	const char *prog_type_str;

	print_start_section("helpers",
			    "Scanning eBPF helper functions...",
			    "/*** eBPF helper functions ***/",
			    define_prefix);

	if (define_prefix)
		printf("/*\n"
		       " * Use %sHAVE_PROG_TYPE_HELPER(prog_type_name, helper_name)\n"
		       " * to determine if <helper_name> is available for <prog_type_name>,\n"
		       " * e.g.\n"
		       " *	#if %sHAVE_PROG_TYPE_HELPER(xdp, bpf_redirect)\n"
		       " *		// do stuff with this helper\n"
		       " *	#elif\n"
		       " *		// use a workaround\n"
		       " *	#endif\n"
		       " */\n"
		       "#define %sHAVE_PROG_TYPE_HELPER(prog_type, helper)	\\\n"
		       "	%sBPF__PROG_TYPE_ ## prog_type ## __HELPER_ ## helper\n",
		       define_prefix, define_prefix, define_prefix,
		       define_prefix);
	while (true) {
		prog_type++;
		prog_type_str = libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str(prog_type);
		/* libbpf will return NULL for variants unknown to it. */
		if (!prog_type_str)
			break;

		probe_helpers_for_progtype(prog_type, prog_type_str,
					   supported_types[prog_type],
					   define_prefix,
					   ifindex);
	}

	print_end_section();
}

static void section_misc(const char *define_prefix, __u32 ifindex)
{
	print_start_section("misc",
			    "Scanning miscellaneous eBPF features...",
			    "/*** eBPF misc features ***/",
			    define_prefix);
	probe_large_insn_limit(define_prefix, ifindex);
	probe_bounded_loops(define_prefix, ifindex);
	probe_v2_isa_extension(define_prefix, ifindex);
	probe_v3_isa_extension(define_prefix, ifindex);
	print_end_section();
}

#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
#define capability(c) { c, false, #c }
#define capability_msg(a, i) a[i].set ? "" : a[i].name, a[i].set ? "" : ", "
#endif

static int handle_perms(void)
{
#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
	struct {
		cap_value_t cap;
		bool set;
		char name[14];	/* strlen("CAP_SYS_ADMIN") */
	} bpf_caps[] = {
		capability(CAP_SYS_ADMIN),
#ifdef CAP_BPF
		capability(CAP_BPF),
		capability(CAP_NET_ADMIN),
		capability(CAP_PERFMON),
#endif
	};
	cap_value_t cap_list[ARRAY_SIZE(bpf_caps)];
	unsigned int i, nb_bpf_caps = 0;
	bool cap_sys_admin_only = true;
	cap_flag_value_t val;
	int res = -1;
	cap_t caps;

	caps = cap_get_proc();
	if (!caps) {
		p_err("failed to get capabilities for process: %s",
		      strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

#ifdef CAP_BPF
	if (CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(CAP_BPF))
		cap_sys_admin_only = false;
#endif

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bpf_caps); i++) {
		const char *cap_name = bpf_caps[i].name;
		cap_value_t cap = bpf_caps[i].cap;

		if (cap_get_flag(caps, cap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &val)) {
			p_err("bug: failed to retrieve %s status: %s", cap_name,
			      strerror(errno));
			goto exit_free;
		}

		if (val == CAP_SET) {
			bpf_caps[i].set = true;
			cap_list[nb_bpf_caps++] = cap;
		}

		if (cap_sys_admin_only)
			/* System does not know about CAP_BPF, meaning that
			 * CAP_SYS_ADMIN is the only capability required. We
			 * just checked it, break.
			 */
			break;
	}

	if ((run_as_unprivileged && !nb_bpf_caps) ||
	    (!run_as_unprivileged && nb_bpf_caps == ARRAY_SIZE(bpf_caps)) ||
	    (!run_as_unprivileged && cap_sys_admin_only && nb_bpf_caps)) {
		/* We are all good, exit now */
		res = 0;
		goto exit_free;
	}

	if (!run_as_unprivileged) {
		if (cap_sys_admin_only)
			p_err("missing %s, required for full feature probing; run as root or use 'unprivileged'",
			      bpf_caps[0].name);
		else
			p_err("missing %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%srequired for full feature probing; run as root or use 'unprivileged'",
			      capability_msg(bpf_caps, 0),
#ifdef CAP_BPF
			      capability_msg(bpf_caps, 1),
			      capability_msg(bpf_caps, 2),
			      capability_msg(bpf_caps, 3)
#else
				"", "", "", "", "", ""
#endif /* CAP_BPF */
				);
		goto exit_free;
	}

	/* if (run_as_unprivileged && nb_bpf_caps > 0), drop capabilities. */
	if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, nb_bpf_caps, cap_list,
			 CAP_CLEAR)) {
		p_err("bug: failed to clear capabilities: %s", strerror(errno));
		goto exit_free;
	}

	if (cap_set_proc(caps)) {
		p_err("failed to drop capabilities: %s", strerror(errno));
		goto exit_free;
	}

	res = 0;

exit_free:
	if (cap_free(caps) && !res) {
		p_err("failed to clear storage object for capabilities: %s",
		      strerror(errno));
		res = -1;
	}

	return res;
#else
	/* Detection assumes user has specific privileges.
	 * We do not use libcap so let's approximate, and restrict usage to
	 * root user only.
	 */
	if (geteuid()) {
		p_err("full feature probing requires root privileges");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
#endif /* USE_LIBCAP */
}

static int do_probe(int argc, char **argv)
{
	enum probe_component target = COMPONENT_UNSPEC;
	const char *define_prefix = NULL;
	bool supported_types[128] = {};
	__u32 ifindex = 0;
	char *ifname;

	set_max_rlimit();

	while (argc) {
		if (is_prefix(*argv, "kernel")) {
			if (target != COMPONENT_UNSPEC) {
				p_err("component to probe already specified");
				return -1;
			}
			target = COMPONENT_KERNEL;
			NEXT_ARG();
		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "dev")) {
			NEXT_ARG();

			if (target != COMPONENT_UNSPEC || ifindex) {
				p_err("component to probe already specified");
				return -1;
			}
			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
				return -1;

			target = COMPONENT_DEVICE;
			ifname = GET_ARG();
			ifindex = if_nametoindex(ifname);
			if (!ifindex) {
				p_err("unrecognized netdevice '%s': %s", ifname,
				      strerror(errno));
				return -1;
			}
		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "full")) {
			full_mode = true;
			NEXT_ARG();
		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "macros") && !define_prefix) {
			define_prefix = "";
			NEXT_ARG();
		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "prefix")) {
			if (!define_prefix) {
				p_err("'prefix' argument can only be use after 'macros'");
				return -1;
			}
			if (strcmp(define_prefix, "")) {
				p_err("'prefix' already defined");
				return -1;
			}
			NEXT_ARG();

			if (!REQ_ARGS(1))
				return -1;
			define_prefix = GET_ARG();
		} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "unprivileged")) {
#ifdef USE_LIBCAP
			run_as_unprivileged = true;
			NEXT_ARG();
#else
			p_err("unprivileged run not supported, recompile bpftool with libcap");
			return -1;
#endif
		} else {
			p_err("expected no more arguments, 'kernel', 'dev', 'macros' or 'prefix', got: '%s'?",
			      *argv);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	/* Full feature detection requires specific privileges.
	 * Let's approximate, and warn if user is not root.
	 */
	if (handle_perms())
		return -1;

	if (json_output) {
		define_prefix = NULL;
		jsonw_start_object(json_wtr);
	}

	section_system_config(target, define_prefix);
	if (!section_syscall_config(define_prefix))
		/* bpf() syscall unavailable, don't probe other BPF features */
		goto exit_close_json;
	section_program_types(supported_types, define_prefix, ifindex);
	section_map_types(define_prefix, ifindex);
	section_helpers(supported_types, define_prefix, ifindex);
	section_misc(define_prefix, ifindex);

exit_close_json:
	if (json_output)
		/* End root object */
		jsonw_end_object(json_wtr);

	return 0;
}

static const char *get_helper_name(unsigned int id)
{
	if (id >= ARRAY_SIZE(helper_name))
		return NULL;

	return helper_name[id];
}

static int do_list_builtins(int argc, char **argv)
{
	const char *(*get_name)(unsigned int id);
	unsigned int id = 0;

	if (argc < 1)
		usage();

	if (is_prefix(*argv, "prog_types")) {
		get_name = (const char *(*)(unsigned int))libbpf_bpf_prog_type_str;
	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "map_types")) {
		get_name = (const char *(*)(unsigned int))libbpf_bpf_map_type_str;
	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "attach_types")) {
		get_name = (const char *(*)(unsigned int))libbpf_bpf_attach_type_str;
	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "link_types")) {
		get_name = (const char *(*)(unsigned int))libbpf_bpf_link_type_str;
	} else if (is_prefix(*argv, "helpers")) {
		get_name = get_helper_name;
	} else {
		p_err("expected 'prog_types', 'map_types', 'attach_types', 'link_types' or 'helpers', got: %s", *argv);
		return -1;
	}

	if (json_output)
		jsonw_start_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */

	while (true) {
		const char *name;

		name = get_name(id++);
		if (!name)
			break;
		if (json_output)
			jsonw_string(json_wtr, name);
		else
			printf("%s\n", name);
	}

	if (json_output)
		jsonw_end_array(json_wtr);	/* root array */

	return 0;
}

static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
{
	if (json_output) {
		jsonw_null(json_wtr);
		return 0;
	}

	fprintf(stderr,
		"Usage: %1$s %2$s probe [COMPONENT] [full] [unprivileged] [macros [prefix PREFIX]]\n"
		"       %1$s %2$s list_builtins GROUP\n"
		"       %1$s %2$s help\n"
		"\n"
		"       COMPONENT := { kernel | dev NAME }\n"
		"       GROUP := { prog_types | map_types | attach_types | link_types | helpers }\n"
		"       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " }\n"
		"",
		bin_name, argv[-2]);

	return 0;
}

static const struct cmd cmds[] = {
	{ "probe",		do_probe },
	{ "list_builtins",	do_list_builtins },
	{ "help",		do_help },
	{ 0 }
};

int do_feature(int argc, char **argv)
{
	return cmd_select(cmds, argc, argv, do_help);
}